The Representation of evil in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Example for Free

The Representation of evil in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay In 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson published his short novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. A recurring theme in the novella is that of evil, a popular subject in Victorian literature as it is such an interesting concept to interpret. The story was set in London, a city put across in the novella as being a dark, intimidating place (as most of the scenes were set in the night-time), and where otherwise respectable men and women indulged in evil activities such as gambling, sex, violence and drugs. Stevenson makes many references to the id and ego, which Sigmund Freud wrote about earlier in the 20th century. Freud believed that the id and ego were in constant battle with one another, the id being the unfettered self, and the ego a personality you project on society. The id very much represents the evil side of man in Stevensons novella, and this is shown when the respectable Dr. Jekyll takes the potion to release Hyde, his animalistic id. Stevenson was plagued by ill-health as a child, and was taken care of by a nurse. The nurse was a strong Christian, and thrust stories upon him of evil people burning in hell for eternity, and good people being taken to heaven. Stevenson disagreed with the belief that people were born either good or evil, rather that they were born as both. Sigmund Freud wrote that when a child is born, they are id-ridden, meaning that they demand instant satisfaction. He believed that as a child grows, their ego is formed around social morals, norms and taboos. Stevenson seems to suggest that as the ego suppresses the id, the ids affect on behavior becomes stronger, causing people to indulge in activities regarded as being evil. Stevenson also uses symbolism to convey evil. The doors used by Jekyll and Hyde are an example of symbolism. In chapter 1 The Story of the Door, Stevenson describes the door used by Hyde. The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained. This immediately gives the image of someone who doesnt care about appearance or image. Mr. Hyde using this door shows that he isnt respectable and he needs to hide away. The location of the door also suggests the evil being hidden away, down a back alley, deep inside a persons mind. I dont believe Mr. Hydes actions are evil. By definition, evil actions are conscious decisions to have a negative effect on something, and that contradicts the whole concept of the id. The id is something that all humans are born with, and, as Freud wrote, does not have knowledge of good and evil, only that its desires demand instant satisfaction. What comes across to the crowd and audience as an evil action because no flicker of remorse is shown, is actually not intended. The first time we hear about him is when we are told of a madman knocking down a small child and walking straight over her. It sounds like nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasnt like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut. The phrase juggernaut suggests Mr. Hyde is amoral, not evil. Hyde isnt bothered about who or what he hurts; he doesnt have a conscience to speak of. He never feels guilty of his actions. As he gets more out of control, he acts more like an animal, and quite insanely. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim under foot. When Jekyll tries to control his evil side, after a while, it doesnt work because, as stated before, when the evil is suppressed it comes back more powerful than before. Jekyll starts to change into Hyde without taking the potion. Hyde is gradually taking over and Jekyll is becoming more evil. In chapter 7 we see this happening. Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield are standing below the window where Mr. Jekyll is sitting. Suddenly they see something which shocks and scares them; froze the blood of the two gentlemen below. They saw it but for a glimpse for the window was instantly thrust down, but that glimpse had been sufficient. This shows that Jekylls evil side is increasing with time and starting to control him. It also shows that Jekyll is becoming more dependant on the antidote to stop him becoming Hyde and to keep the evil in check, rather than before, when he was using it to isolate his evil side. Other characters always react with shock and horror to Mr. Hyde; this is because he is so repulsive looking and primitive. The image scared a lot of people and as Hyde is rude and unsociable no one likes him or is prepared to talk to him. I had taken a loathing to the man at first sight. His appearance and manner also provoked a bad reaction from people. He gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. The haunting sense of unexpressed deformity with which the fugitive impresses his beholders. Jekyll is the only person who does not react with horror at Hyde. And yet when I looked upon that ugly idol in the glass, I was conscious of no repugnance, rather of a leap of welcome. This, too, was I. He realises that the man staring back at him from the mirror was himself in a different, more evil form. At the time Stevenson was writing the novella, people were very judgmental of those who looked different. This included people with all sorts of different disabilities, which are now widely accepted. Back then, these deformed people would have been shut away and often the public thought that only a deformed or evil soul could cause such deformities on the outside. These real, sadly common reactions from the late 1800s probably had a huge influence on the attitudes that Stevensons characters had towards Hyde in the book. The book seems to associate evil with animal quite frequently. This can be seen in the way the book describes how Hyde acts, but also in the way he speaks, often using the term hissed and croaked. In many religions, certain animals are associated with evil, like in the bible, where a snake was personified as Satan. This can be linked to the then recently published theory of evolution, which shocked many people. Darwins theory stated that animals evolved, rather than being created by god, which contradicted the heavily Christian Victorians beliefs. It seems ironic that Darwin was a man of the church, trying to prove religion right. It seems to me that Robert Louis Stevenson, while writing this novella, set out to make the repressed Victorian society think about its morals and beliefs, and, like many great writers, to challenge the public to think in a new way about themselves and the society they live in.

The Link Between Down Syndrome and Alzheimers Disease Essay example --

The Link Between Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease The individuals with Disabilities Education Act states that "all children with disabilities, including mental retardation, be educated to the maximum extent appropriate with students who are not disabled" (2). In an ideal world, society would have no problem following this decree, but the world is less than perfect and, therefore, stigmas are unfortunately attached to those suffering from mental disabilities, especially the mentally retarded. One has to question whether this group of people deserves these stigmas. Having grown up with two severely retarded cousins and, for that matter, a great uncle suffering from Alzheimer's Disease, I often wondered as to what was happening within their brains. It was evident that they were unable to respond to me in a normal fashion, but I challenged whether this was just a veneer. Being a spiritual person and believing the mind to be akin to 'the soul', I always felt it must be separate from the brain. A part of me hoped that their minds were sti ll cognizant even though their brain appeared to have a different physiology and they seemed to be unable to respond to me in a normal fashion. However, upon researching the link present between Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease, I began to question whether my previous beliefs were indeed true. I think the questioning of this raises ethical issues about how we treat the mentally disabled and gives quite an argument for the brain = behavior debate. As more and more adults live longer, age-associated mental disease is becoming more and more of a concern. Present estimations state that soon nearly 10 million Americans will suffer from the disabling disease called Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's s... ... Risk of Down Syndome with Increasing Maternal and Paternal Age, Good Detailed Site http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/bws/courses/projects/downsynd/home.htm 9)Alzheimer's Disease and People with Mental Retardation, Good Detailed Site http://www.thearc.org/faqs/almr.html 10)Developmental Disabilities and Alzheimer's Disease, Good Detailed Site by The Arc http://www.thearc.org/misc/alzbk.html 11)Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease in Mental Retardation, Periodicals Index http://www.aamr.org/index.shtml 12)Fact Sheet: Alzheimer's Disease, Family Caregiver Alliance http://www.caregiver.org/factsheets/diagnoses/alzheimers.html 13)Harvard Researchers Link Alzheimer's to Problem With Chromosome Segregation Presenilin Proteins are Found in Cell Structures Involved in Mitosis, Recent Press Release http://www.hms.harvard.edu/news/releases/897alzheimer.html

Death and Dying Essay

How the management of death has changed for patients and families in the last 25 years. Hospice: Care for the terminally ill. Modern Medicine: New medicines and medical technology Home Care: In home care given by love ones Nursing home: Home for the elderly who are ill and can’t take care of themselves Five stage of Emotions Denial: telling ourselves that this is not happing that everything will be ok. Rage and Anger: People become physically and verbally violent and blame God for what is going on. Bargaining: Loss attempt to start bargaining to regain all or part of the loss Depression: Become isolated tell themselves the loss is truly sad and awful and them even start using drugs Acceptance: Fully acknowledges the loss, accepting the loss, and have begun working on coping with the death. Living Will All so know as Advanced Directives is a written document that states your personal wishes regarding healthcare treatment in the event you’re unable to talk Power of Attorney is often a part of a person living will that identifies and designates your personal representative to make the medical decisions for you You also need to talk to your doctor to make sure they are aware that you have a living will and discuss the details of the documents with them. Good Death Being Comfortable: having access to any spiritual and or emotion support to know death is coming and how to handle it. Being in Control: being able to control what is happing control pain and other symptom having control over where the death will occur Sense of Closure: allows a person to die on their own terms, having time to say goodbye Family Care: Access to information and expertise when necessary Meet needs Late Adult Indentify: Assist with known burdens the clients is having by providing resources and opportunities to alleviate the problems Educate: ensure that patients and families as knowledgeable of what is going on Communication: is the key but be sensitive Respect: Not matter of the race, religion, or sexuality treat the patient with respect Assist: provided resources to help the family, stay active and social

Tattoos And Piercings Work Environments - 1417 Words

Tattoos and Piercings in Work Environments â€Å"According to a 2010 Pew Research report, about 23% of adults born between 1981 and 1991 have piercings other than their earlobe† (Pfeifer, Web). Also, in 2012, 2 in 10 adults in the United States reported to have at least one tattoo. That number has increased to 3 in 10 adults just last year in 2015 (Shannon-Missal, Web). The prevalence of tattoos and piercings have increased dramatically over the past few decades, especially in teens and young adults known as Generation Y. Although the main reason for getting a tattoo or piercing can vary from person to person, the change in appearance is a way of expressing individuality and to portray your self-image to the public. Some people are hesitant when deciding where to get their tattoo or piercing because of the impact it will have on their appearance and in the workplace. Discrimination against tattoos and piercings in the workplace does exist, especially in white-collar employment , and it can prevent someone from potential employment or even a promotion because tattoos and piercings are considered unprofessional (Foltz, 589). Tattoos and piercings should be acceptable in the workplace because they are a way for people to express themselves and people should not be judged on their appearance, but by the quality of their work. Growing up, everyone is told that they should express themselves, to be proud of who they are and what they stand for; tattoos and piercings are just anotherShow MoreRelatedHow Do Tattoos And Piercings Can Affect Our Work Environment?1923 Words   |  8 Pageslooking at clothing and its purpose and what else it can bring to the table. Along with accessories and how they play a role in our image. Focusing on eye glasses and what they communicate to one’s co-workers. Then looking at how tattoos and piercings can affect our work environment. Clothing Purposes and Functions Clothing has its own meaning in communication. We are being judged by our clothing every time we come in contact with someone. Human communication is accomplished by two ways, one third by wordsRead MoreTattoos and Body Piercings as and Art Form992 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Beth Logan Manuscript Speech D. Webb Speech 106 Tattoos and Body Piercings Good evening. I would like to start by asking how many of you have a tattoo or piercing other than your ears. Did you know that in most work environments, you are usually not even considered for employment if you’re tattoo or piercing is visible during the interview? I am one of the many people who believe tattoos and body piercings are a form of self expression. However, there are still that few out there whoRead MoreComparative analysis Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Comparative Analysis of Josie Appleton’s article â€Å"The Body Piercing Project† and Bonnie Berkowitz’ â€Å"Tattooing Outgrows Its Renegade Image to Thrive In The Mainstream†. Traditionally, tattoos were meant for sailors, soldiers, bikers and gangs. Along with several changes in the industrialized and technological society of the twenty-first century, the standard for getting body modifications have altered as well. Everyday, people are willing to get permanently marked as an individual choice ratherRead MoreTattoos and Body Piercing in the Workforce1414 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos and Body Piercing in the Workforce What canvas holds some of the most creative artwork today? If you guessed the human skin, you would be right. However, about three decades ago, one would only find these types of markings and insignias on what would be considered the â€Å"rough† crowd: bikers, sailors, gang members, and prison inmates. Today; however, tattoos and piercings can be seen on nearly anyone from the age of 15 and up. Not to mention, these body modifications can be found on allRead MoreTattoos In A Work Place1666 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Tattoos in the Business World Since I was a little girl, I have always admired the different ways people â€Å"decorate† their bodies: colored hair, make-up, piercings, and tattoos. Though some may be a tad bit outrageous for my taste, I always appreciated it. Piercings, though visible a majority of the times, are easily hidden. There are special piercing rings that are clear, so that they may not be seen if prohibited in a certain environment. Tattoos on the other hand are a much more complicatedRead MoreBody Piercings And Its Impact On Society1665 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to insurmountable sources, piercings, especially in the ear primarily, have been around since 2500 BC and have been worn not only by women, but by men as well all around the world including William Shakespeare and Julius Caesar. As body piercings become increasingly popular in modern culture, it has brought many researchers to the realization that this trend is a tragic insight into an individual’s psyche as well as their physical being and opportunities in the workplace even though it’sRead More Body Art and the Catholic Church Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesCatholic Church I have always wondered if the Catholic church approved of tattooing and body piercing. I am not the type of person that most people think of when they think of tattooed or pierced individual. When I tell people that I have tattoos, people always say â€Å"but you don’t seem like the kind of person who would get a tattoo.† I personally do not believe that certain kinds of people get tattoos and I wondered what my religion would think of my â€Å"art.† I have gone to a Catholic church my wholeRead MorePersonal Selling Strategy : Dress Code Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness will be unusual when it comes to the dress code. Tattoo and or piercing shops are not held to the same standards as corporate/other forms of employment. In our business we will be going against the norm and require that our artist employees have at least one visible tattoo and preferably one piercing. This is due to the simple fact that someone who wishes to get a tattoo would prefer tha t the individual performing the work have tattoos themselves. The idea boils down to our company’s preferredRead MoreBusiness Casual Dress Code Of The Workplace1569 Words   |  7 Pages There are benefits to wearing casual clothing in the workplace, such as good morale, open communication between managers and employees, and a lack of cost to the employer (Gutierrez Freese, 1999, p. 35-36). It all depends on the companies you work for and what they consider as business casual or if they meet with the public on a daily basis will affect the dress code. Culture also plays a big factor in the dress code at the companies. A dress code policy that may demand business attire mayRead MoreWhat Do Tattoos And Piercings Affect The Perception That Prospective Employers870 Words   |  4 Pages What does a professional Medical Assistant wear to work? How about to an interview? And how do tattoos and piercings affect the perception that prospective employers, fellow employees and patients form about an applicant? Manner of dress and personal appearance present a lasting first impression that can counterbalance an outstanding resume, and can make or break the chance to gain employment in the medical field. At Carrington College the dress code includes grey scrubs with the Carrington

Essay on Fine Arts Should Remain a Curriculum at Public...

Lets paint a picture together. Blank walls, silent rooms, and shy students are what is brushed on the canvas. Our picture is a result of the limitations put on the powers of artistry. Staci Maiers validates that â€Å"the school play, the marching band, the drama club, the student art show - they’re usually highlights of a student’s education† (1). â€Å". . . [Fine Arts] can connect people more deeply to the world and open them to new ways of seeing, creating the foundation to forge social bonds and community cohesion,† (qtd in Smith 2). Maiers expresses, â€Å"Because fine arts education typically is not considered core curriculum or included on high-stakes standardized test mandated by federal requirements, music, art, theater, and dance usually†¦show more content†¦It improves voice projection, articulation of words, fluency with language, and persuasive speech† (â€Å"Benefits† 1). Fran Smith chimes in that â€Å"arts learning can also improve motivation, concentration, confidence, and teamwork† (2). Being able to open up and verbalize feelings through the art of drama will give students a different perspective on the outlook of life. The world is always telling students what to be, how to look, what to wear, what is cool and what is not; however, being able to express oneself through the Fine Arts can let the youth shine their own light. â€Å"We have music rooms where instead of there being kids and instruments, we have instruments locked in closets with dust all over them. It really is shameful what’s going on with [the] arts education these days,† sadly observes Maiers (1). Music is really taken for granted and needs to be more appreciated. Duncan Asiedu believes: It’s a shame though, that music programs are been[sic] scrapped considering the proven benefits, education and otherwise, that has been associated with music and its potential to help alleviate some of the education deficiencies that have plagued inner city students for decades (2). In order to keep Fine Arts programs afloat â€Å"[we] make sure administrators understand that music has intrinsic value throughout each student’s lifetime,† requests Dr. John Benham (6). â€Å"From Mozart for babies to tutus for toddlers to family trips toShow MoreRelatedShould Public Schools Be Active And Productive Members Of Society?1874 Words   |  8 PagesPublic schools exist with the intention of providing students with the skillsets necessary to become active and productive members of society. These skillsets include critical thinking, basic decision-making, human interaction, and a plethora of similar traits. Thus, school systems should seek to provide curriculum that supports the development of these skills. One area of study that can teach these skills, among many other traits, is fine arts programs. In addition to the aforementioned skills,Read MoreArt Is All Around Us Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesArt is all around us. From the exquisite foods we eat to the breath taking sculptures around the world. Every single person is connected to art in one way or another, whether you are alone in your room, jamming to your favorite song, or a world renowned painter. It is a humongous part of our lives, and has been for thousands of years, however, as the years go by, colleges have pushed aside the arts. Some colleges put a few â€Å"introduction to art† classes as optional elections, and others have ignoredRead MoreArts Education Importance Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican schools. The ever increasing dropout rates are showing that teachers are not able to stimulate and interest their students. Children and teens are losing their ability to think creatively and on higher level because of the lack of arts education in public schools. If all children had this privilege, they would have higher test scores, would more likely go to college, and less likely to commit crimes. Students who graduate from high school are drones of a t est-centered, strict curriculum basedRead MoreRationale for Integrating the Arts1272 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrating the arts across the curriculum is an innovative, yet effective educational process by which students learn through the arts. The programs intent is not to necessarily teach the arts, but to use them within the regular curricula. The activities use art as the catalyst to make learning meaningful and motivating. Students learn best when they are actively learning. The arts provide opportunities in which students are actively involved in learning. Students are more likely to retain knowledgeRead MoreCompulsory Attendance Act of 1852 Essay1946 Words   |  8 Pagessix had to be consecutive. The exception to this attendance at a public school included: the childs attendance at another school for the same amount of time, proof that the child had already learned the subjects, poverty, or the physical or mental ability of the child to attend. The penalty for not sending your child to school was a fine not greater than $20.00 and the violators were to be prosecuted by the city. The local school committee did not have the authority to enforce the law and althoughRead MoreThe Current System of Education in the Philippines3975 Words   |  16 PagesEducation of the country will progress. It is proper then that the public be educated about the issue. Parents must know about this because in it depends the Education of their child; students must know about this because in it depends the way on how they would be educated; and educators must know about this because in it depends how they’ll educated the students. The purpose of this essay is straightforward: to inform the public about the issue and present my arguments regarding the K+12. I willRead MoreEssay on Paideia and Modern Educational Policy3842 Words   |  16 Pagesin 1982 by Mortimer Adler and the paideia group remain an unfulfilled promise in terms of the actualities of public education in the United States. The notion of an educational system for all students built upon a rigorous curriculum manifesting a framework of values to be acted out in the public and democratic forum continues to have great attraction for educators. Indeed, the notion of paideia continues to carry a sense of urgency as it should. However, the actual task of creating systems devotedRead MoreEducation Policy : Is It, Damned Lies, And Education2759 Words   |  12 PagesNew York, and No Child Left Behind. The purpose of this essay is to analyze what I have found in my research on how the relationship between school and society, and how it has changed in the United States across the Historical Eras. In this analysis, I relate the changing of reforms to Diane Ravitch’s book, The Death and Life of the Great American School System, along with some other resources used in the Education Policy class. Education can be traced back as far as the time of the pilgrimsRead MoreKindergarten Curriculum6037 Words   |  25 PagesRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City K to 12 Curriculum Guide KINDERGARTEN January 31, 2012 K TO 12 – KINDERGARTEN I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"The first years of life are important because what happens in early childhood can matter in a lifetime.† (Harvard, 2009) The Department of Education (DepEd) having been a strong advocate of early childhood education has implemented various programs for preschoolers for decades now. The DepartmentRead MoreReading Is A Dynamic Goal Of Education1525 Words   |  7 Pagesis proven that reading opens a new world of knowledge and enhance children’s reading expertise. Therefore, there are a lot of reading series that improves children’s reading proficiency, however, the Real Kids Readers are the greatest language arts curriculum based book series for preK-3rd grades that practices a significant phonics centered study. Phonics is defined as a technique of teaching individual to read by connecting sounds (phoneme) with letters (grapheme) or a group of letters in an alphabetic

Homeland Security Chapter 9-10 Essay - 923 Words

Chapter 9 is committed to the study of homelands security’s attempts and successes at border patrol. Beginning with the U.S customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol office has like many other agencies, merged with the DHS following 9/11. The reason is because the Border Patrol is now after 9/11 been concerned with the prevention of terrorist’s entry. The Border Patrol also merged with customs, which has a long history with border patrol. The CBP has been charged with guarding 7000 miles of U.S Land border. The Border patrol has been very concerned with the apprehension of terrorist following 9/11, and the border is more tightly guarded than it’s ever been. The texted then outlines the fiscal year 2010 Statistical Highlights†¦show more content†¦The Fugitive Operations Program removes fugitive aliens from the United States. The Cornerstone initiative prevents criminal organizations from the cash flow they need to function. The Cyber Crime s Center combats Internet related crimes. The U.S VISTIT program provides visa posts, so those who visit the U.S can be properly validated. Chapter 9 dealt primarily with the wide and expansive Border Protection programs of the DHS. Chapter 10 Deals with one of the more important agencies following 9/11, and this agency is the TSA or (Transportation Security Administration.) The TSA deals with a wide range of transportation systems, which includes state and local transit systems. The TSA has not hesitated to reach out to every field of transportation, and has its reach over the entirety of transportation. Federal Flight Deck Officer program gives the pilot the ability to be fully armed in the cockpit. FEDOs have regulations and rules, and are meant to protect the aircraft crew from harm. The TSA has a Canine Explosive Detection Unit, which is useful for covering large areas. The TSA has set important risk management programs, which are backed with technology and innovation. Maritime Security is a combination of the Coast Guard, Customs, and Immigration. The Text then outlines the functions of Maritime Security, and how agency’s coordinate together, including plans of Maritime security and the main roles Maritime Security play. The Coast Guard hasShow MoreRelatedImmigration Argument Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigrants it is here no matter where you are from. I relate this topic to the book chapter 9 because it he shows popularity for president’s who are favored with public opinion. A president who is for all people including immigrants would most likely be of popular interest. If we take a look back at the campaign with Donald Trump, he lost the votes of many immigrants due to his wall talk. Another reason I felt this chapter related to this topic is it talks about managing the budget. With immigration itRead MorePolice Jurisdiction Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions Chelsea Peterson CJA/240 December 10, 2011 Professor Konopasek History of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions The development of police agencies can be followed back to the Early English colonial days. As time continued, so did the improvements of the police agencies of law enforcement today. The first police department was established in 1731 was theRead MoreThe Threat Of Homeland Security1035 Words   |  5 PagesHomeland Security was created to protect not only the persons living and infrastructures within the U.S. but outside as well. Though its existence, homeland security has done a spectacular job due to the fact that the country is still standing. There are many persons and countries that would love to see America fall flat on its face. Through corrective policy action and growth within our intelligence functions we are now as strong as we were before. Nonetheless, Homeland security may still have itsRead MoreFinancial Law Compliance Plan For Clapton Commercial Construction And Landslide Limousines Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesall employees (U.S. Department of Homela nd Security, 1986). According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security â€Å"any employer who knowingly hires or knowingly continues to employ an unauthorized aliens: 1st offense: $375 to $3,200 per alien, 2nd offense: $3,200 to $6,500 per alien, and additional offenses: $4,300 to $16,000 per alien† (1986). The Department of Homeland Security penalizes employers for improperly completing, retaining or missing Forms I-9 from $110 to $1,100 per employee andRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Fema )1540 Words   |  7 Pages This report below is a concerning the overall DHS program prioritization which will address the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) which is a directorate under the DHS and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) which become part of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate of DHS. This report could have not been prepared without gathering background information concerning the following are a hazard/threats, hazard identification and risk analysis, terroristRead MoreThe United States Code ( U.s. )1677 Words   |  7 Pagesgoverns the form, function, duties, and responsibilities of the US Government†. The foundational to US National Security and foreign relations are based on the three titles in the U.S.C, namely, Title 10, Title 22, and Title 50; which â€Å"govern US Armed Forces, the Department of State, public diplomacy efforts, and national defense† (American Security Project, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S. law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the CentralRead MoreIn The Book Hegemony Or Survival Noam Chomsky Talks About909 Words   |  4 Pageshaving the intelligence to not ruin our self in his first chapter. He identifies two powers in the current world, â€Å"the united states and world public opinion† (Pg. 4). He shows us that every one of the American presidents has their own type of disappointing foreign policy no matter how liberal that president might be. Chomsky says in the end when hope is destroyed, democracy is allowed (Pg. 10). In the second chapter he quotes the national security strategy talking about America’s main goal. ThereforeRead MoreEvolution of Private Security1704 Words   |  7 PagesHow private security has evolved, from its roots in Feudalism to its current state, and include supporting explanation. Security has always been a constant preoccupation of human being. During times following the fall of the Roman Empire, there were no longer authorities to maintain order and security problems begin to arise. Governments could no longer ensure the security of the population and people began to organize their own security. That is the feudalism. Feudal society was based essentiallyRead MoreThe United States Economic Crisis1332 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan H. Cody, he states that these accomplishments didn’t come without a price; in fact the cost was enormous, and our nations decisions on how to finance it have profoundly damaged the U.S. economy. The US economic crisis can all be traced back to 9/11. In Catherine New’s article Then and Now she compared the US economy today to the economy in 2001 before the attacks. The results are astonishing; the average price of gas per gallon has increased by over $2, the median sales price per house has increasedRead MoreHegemony o r Survival1729 Words   |  7 Pagesalso jeopardizes the very survival of humanity. From reading this book, I will give an account as to what Chomsky says about American hegemonic ideals and give him credit for the attempt that he has made to expose historical truth. In the first chapter of this book Chomsky ponders the idea of human existence and if our stupidity overpowers intelligence to not destroy ourselves. From there Chomsky identifies two superpowers in the world right now: the United States and world public opinion. (pg

Across Organizational & Cultural Boundaries - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAcross Organizational Cultural Boundaries for Learning. Answer: Six main bases for collaborative advantage The six main bases of collaborative advantage are access to resources, shared risk, efficiency, coordination and seamlessness, learning and the moral imperative. The organization collaborates to share resources when they cant accomplish their objectives with individual resources, for instance, pharmaceutical companies which require resource for production and marketing collaborate to share resources(Kozlenkova, Samaha and Palmatier 2014).Organization collaborates to share the risk of failure of a project, for instance RD projects. Organizations collaborate to gain efficiency in terms of outsourcing, operational efficiency, coordination and economies of scale, for example, public-private partnership (Bingham and O'leary 2014). Coordination and seamlessness is a part of efficiency of an organization, collaboration also promotes mutual learning of organizations. Most importantly, organizations collaborate on moral imperative to eradicate problems on national, society, industrial and org anizational levels (Foss. and Knudsen 2013). Why BenQ initially wanted to join efforts with Siemens Taiwanese companies witnessed a shrink in profit margins for contract manufacturing. In order to achieve a profitable future, the Taiwanese companies wanted to move beyond low-cost manufacturing. Taiwanese companies wanted to build their individual brand names rather than being a contract manufacturer who is almost anonymous in the marketplace. BenQ, the Taiwanese company wanted to acquire Siemens, the German company for its existing brand name which was attractive. BenQ also wanted to enhance its global presence by acquiring Siemens. The launch of the brand Ben-Q Siemens by acquisition of the mobile phone division of Siemens which was losing money proved to be advantageous for BenQ. The merger helped BenQ to become the fourth largest brand of mobile phones across the globe after Nokia, Samsung and Motorola. K.Y. Lee, the chairman of BenQ felt that he will be able to generate profits from the debt-ridden unit of mobile phone of Siemens. Lee was of the opinion that because of the glob al distribution and sales channel of BenQ it was easier for BenQ to achieve profit easily. The manufacturing facilities and economies of scale of Ben Q would also increase by choosing a complimentary partner like Siemens. BenQ initially wanted to join efforts with Siemens because the organization felt that this merger and acquisition will lead to a win-win situation for both companies as more synergy and value in the marketplace will be created by the formation of the brand name BenQ-Siemens (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). Bases for collaborative advantage of the collaboration between BenQ and Siemens The German company, Siemens was not directly paid by BenQ. The 100% stake of mobile phone division of Siemens was acquired by BenQ. Initially an amount of 250 million Euros was provided to BenQ by Siemens for funding the business, later 50 million Euros was spent by Siemens to purchase shares of BenQ which were issued newly. Siemens also incurred the loss of the unit, 1.5 million Euros loss per day. Siemens collaborated with BenQ to develop technologies for handsets. The rights of co-branding was vested to BenQ- Siemens within a tenure of 5 years and the right for the usage of the trademark of Siemens was gained by BenQ for a period of 18 months. BenQ wanted to fulfil the contract agreement of labour with the cell phone employees of Siemens. The share of Siemens was up by 3% and rose to 61.9 Euros because of the transaction (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). Ultimate outcome of the collaboration between BenQ and Siemens The collaboration of BenQ and Siemens failed ultimately. After purchasing the handset division of Siemens, the shares of BenQ dropped by 2.7 % on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The new business division of BenQ Mobile commenced its operation in October, 2005 in Munich, Germany with 7000 employees across the globe. The handset operations of Siemens allowed BenQ to compete with leading brands, but the current prime customers of BenQ had a conflict of interests because of the collaboration between Siemens and BenQ. By September 2006, BenQ decided not to invest money in its German subsidiary to cut loss. The interests of the creditors were protected and the subsidiary filed for insolvency in Munich court. There was loss of 3000 jobs in German because of this failure. The high context culture of BenQ and the low context culture of Siemens, failed communication and difference in organizational culture resulted in this failed acquisition. The media commentators, labor leaders and politicians in Germany felt that BenQ did not have experience in marketing and lacked competence and the acquisition of Siemens by BenQ was an economic and social disaster (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). The Critical Challenges those Multicultural companies might face Multicultural companies face challenges with communication, difference in culture and diversity. The difference in culture among employees of a multicultural company results in language barriers and communication practices which are divergent in nature. Intercultural communication has two comparison points which are influential which are 1) The idea of context and 2) The value/ belief theory of culture. A multicultural company has a workforce with different cultural values, for instance, the high-context culture where people demonstrate deep involvement with one another and in a low context individualized culture where people are demonstrate little involvement with each other. Values are the foundation of culture and collective programming is influenced by values (Huxham and Vangen 2013). The people belonging to similar culture share similar patterns of feeling, thinking reacting and acting and thus a particular event is perceived in different ways by people from different cultures. Power distance, masculinity or femininity, avoidance of uncertainty, individualism or collectivism and long-term and short term orientation are different cultural dimensions founded by Hofstede. Multi-cultural companies have a diverse workforce from different countries and thus their cultural values are affected by the 5 cultural dimensions of Hofstede. Also multicultural companies have multicultural teams and have to deal with challenges of diversity-both surface level diversity like ethnicity, age, gender and deep-level diversity like differences in values, attitudes and beliefs. Also, people with different cultural background have different mode of learning and it is a challenge for multi-cultural companies (Hunt 2014). Cultural difference challenge in case of BenQ and Siemens BenQ is a company from Taiwan and Siemens is a company from German. The culture of BenQ was influenced by oriental Confucian culture whereas that of Siemens was Germanic European culture. The culture in Taiwan is more collectivist and rule-oriented and less assertive and future oriented. The culture in German is focused on contracts, agreements, individual rights and personal independence. On the index of individualism, Germans scored 67 and Taiwanese scored 17. Taiwanese society has a collectivistic culture and employees have a strong sense of organizational belonging while Germans prefer challenges, time, and freedom and are highly individualistic. The difference in culture created a gap between the German subordinates of Siemens who were highly individualistic and Taiwanese employers of BenQ who were highly collectivistic. There was turnover in executive management of Siemens. Taiwanese scored 58 and score of Germans was 35 in the scale of power distance. Germany has a strong unio n and collective tariff agreements between representatives of trade unions and employers association fix salaries of German employers. Germans separate work and private lives, they do not work on Sundays and public holidays and have six weeks of paid vacation while Taiwanese are ready to work on weekends and holidays if there is a requirement by their organization. Thus, BenQ faced the challenge of maintaining good relationship with union labor of Siemens. In the index of avoidance of uncertainty , Taiwanese ranked 69 and Germans ranked 65. Taiwanese have fear of failure and avoid risks. The electronics company of Taiwan adopts procedures of cost-cutting and after acquiring Siemens, BenQ had NT$36.7 billion loss. Business schedules in German are flexible while it is rigid in Taiwan. The production schedule, new product development and marketing plan of BenQ were delayed after acquisition of Siemens because of the difference in organizational culture. The R D of new products across BenQ and Siemens and the incompatible culture of the two companies were not integrated by BenQ and thus the company faced financial problems due to the cultural difference. BenQ was a Taiwanese company and focused on product diversification, adaptability, resilience, flexibility and innovation with an informal organizational structure whereas Siemens had a formal organizational structure with a decision-making process which was methodical. Also, there were challenges of cross- cultural communication, the Taiwanese have a subtle style of communication while communication style in German companies are assertive, the employees of BenQ could not speak German resulting in barriers of communication. The intercultural failure resulted in failed acquisition of Siemens by BenQ (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). Actions taken to minimize each of the challenges Actions were taken to minimize the challenges. BenQ managed to maintain a cordial relationship with the labor union of Siemens. Lee, the chairman of BenQ made a public apology to the stakeholders of German and Taiwan at Institutional Investor Conference and promises for the future was delivered in this conference. Lee also hoped to recover the financial loss and achieve healthy growth. In order to take corrective action to meet the financial crisis, Chairman Lee wanted to resign at the board meeting. Trust between BenQ and Siemens Initially trust was displayed between BenQ and Siemens in order to achieve collaborative advantage financially and operationally. Chairman Lee of BenQ retained the CEO of Siemens Joos along with 2800 R D employees in order to make a smooth transition. However, the employees of Siemens did not have trust in BenQ. The mechanism of internal communication adopted by BenQ at the beginning of the deal was not appropriate resulting in anxiety and rumors among German employees. There was miscommunication and disagreement over the new products development process and the speed of reorganization between the German management and headquarters at Taipei of BenQ. The decision of BenQ to terminate financial support for the German subsidiary was rational for Taiwanese but was severely condemned in German. The implementation plan of new business strategies for BenQ- Siemens unit was not communicated among employees in a concise and consistent manner by BenQ resulting in miscommunication and lack of trust. The employees of BenQ was not fluent in German and there was communication barrier between the companies resulting in lack of trust because the high context Taiwanese culture preferred subtle communication while the low-context Germans preferred to communicate directly. Lee did not communicate directly about the layoff of the employees of Siemens to avoid direct disagreement and thus the German employees felt deceived later on (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). The ways trust can be built and restored for a better collaboration outcome Trust can be restored for a better collaboration outcome with the help of an innovative communication model (Alguezaui and Filieri 2014). The two clashing cultures of companies during a merger and acquisition process can be integrated with the help of an open communication model. The organizational uncertainty and stress can be successfully reduced with clear communication. The anxiety and tension of employees increases due to communication gap resulting in grapevine. In culturally distant countries misinterpretation occurs of the actions and messages of the acquiring firm which are misconstrued, ambiguity can be reduced and expectations can be clarified by adopting an open communication model. Foreign language proficiency among employees can reduce the barrier in communication and build trust resulting in better collaborative outcome. The communication process should be clear and concise for a better collaborative outcome and to build trust. The communication program should be emplo yee-centered and the organizations should focus on a high level of relationship building among employees to restore a better collaborative outcome. Also, the managers of an organization should make sure that employees are not deceived by revealing accurate information. The concept of face-concern is of paramount importance to build trust, for instance, individualists try to save their own face and collectivists save the face of members of a group. In order to restore a better outcome of collaboration and build trust, the difference of the high context and low context organizational culture should be minimized. A balanced approach between individualism and collectivism, power distance and avoidance of uncertainty can result in a better outcome of collaboration. The board of directors should protect stakeholders when an organization is hit by crisis to build trust and restore collaboration. Reference Lists Alguezaui, S. and Filieri, R., 2014. 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