Saturday, December 28, 2019

Essay on Fine Arts Should Remain a Curriculum at Public...

Lets paint a picture together. Blank walls, silent rooms, and shy students are what is brushed on the canvas. Our picture is a result of the limitations put on the powers of artistry. Staci Maiers validates that â€Å"the school play, the marching band, the drama club, the student art show - they’re usually highlights of a student’s education† (1). â€Å". . . [Fine Arts] can connect people more deeply to the world and open them to new ways of seeing, creating the foundation to forge social bonds and community cohesion,† (qtd in Smith 2). Maiers expresses, â€Å"Because fine arts education typically is not considered core curriculum or included on high-stakes standardized test mandated by federal requirements, music, art, theater, and dance usually†¦show more content†¦It improves voice projection, articulation of words, fluency with language, and persuasive speech† (â€Å"Benefits† 1). Fran Smith chimes in that â€Å"arts learning can also improve motivation, concentration, confidence, and teamwork† (2). Being able to open up and verbalize feelings through the art of drama will give students a different perspective on the outlook of life. The world is always telling students what to be, how to look, what to wear, what is cool and what is not; however, being able to express oneself through the Fine Arts can let the youth shine their own light. â€Å"We have music rooms where instead of there being kids and instruments, we have instruments locked in closets with dust all over them. It really is shameful what’s going on with [the] arts education these days,† sadly observes Maiers (1). Music is really taken for granted and needs to be more appreciated. Duncan Asiedu believes: It’s a shame though, that music programs are been[sic] scrapped considering the proven benefits, education and otherwise, that has been associated with music and its potential to help alleviate some of the education deficiencies that have plagued inner city students for decades (2). In order to keep Fine Arts programs afloat â€Å"[we] make sure administrators understand that music has intrinsic value throughout each student’s lifetime,† requests Dr. John Benham (6). â€Å"From Mozart for babies to tutus for toddlers to family trips toShow MoreRelatedShould Public Schools Be Active And Productive Members Of Society?1874 Words   |  8 PagesPublic schools exist with the intention of providing students with the skillsets necessary to become active and productive members of society. These skillsets include critical thinking, basic decision-making, human interaction, and a plethora of similar traits. Thus, school systems should seek to provide curriculum that supports the development of these skills. One area of study that can teach these skills, among many other traits, is fine arts programs. In addition to the aforementioned skills,Read MoreArt Is All Around Us Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesArt is all around us. From the exquisite foods we eat to the breath taking sculptures around the world. Every single person is connected to art in one way or another, whether you are alone in your room, jamming to your favorite song, or a world renowned painter. It is a humongous part of our lives, and has been for thousands of years, however, as the years go by, colleges have pushed aside the arts. Some colleges put a few â€Å"introduction to art† classes as optional elections, and others have ignoredRead MoreArts Education Importance Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican schools. The ever increasing dropout rates are showing that teachers are not able to stimulate and interest their students. Children and teens are losing their ability to think creatively and on higher level because of the lack of arts education in public schools. If all children had this privilege, they would have higher test scores, would more likely go to college, and less likely to commit crimes. Students who graduate from high school are drones of a t est-centered, strict curriculum basedRead MoreRationale for Integrating the Arts1272 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrating the arts across the curriculum is an innovative, yet effective educational process by which students learn through the arts. The programs intent is not to necessarily teach the arts, but to use them within the regular curricula. The activities use art as the catalyst to make learning meaningful and motivating. Students learn best when they are actively learning. The arts provide opportunities in which students are actively involved in learning. Students are more likely to retain knowledgeRead MoreCompulsory Attendance Act of 1852 Essay1946 Words   |  8 Pagessix had to be consecutive. The exception to this attendance at a public school included: the childs attendance at another school for the same amount of time, proof that the child had already learned the subjects, poverty, or the physical or mental ability of the child to attend. The penalty for not sending your child to school was a fine not greater than $20.00 and the violators were to be prosecuted by the city. The local school committee did not have the authority to enforce the law and althoughRead MoreThe Current System of Education in the Philippines3975 Words   |  16 PagesEducation of the country will progress. It is proper then that the public be educated about the issue. Parents must know about this because in it depends the Education of their child; students must know about this because in it depends the way on how they would be educated; and educators must know about this because in it depends how they’ll educated the students. The purpose of this essay is straightforward: to inform the public about the issue and present my arguments regarding the K+12. I willRead MoreEssay on Paideia and Modern Educational Policy3842 Words   |  16 Pagesin 1982 by Mortimer Adler and the paideia group remain an unfulfilled promise in terms of the actualities of public education in the United States. The notion of an educational system for all students built upon a rigorous curriculum manifesting a framework of values to be acted out in the public and democratic forum continues to have great attraction for educators. Indeed, the notion of paideia continues to carry a sense of urgency as it should. However, the actual task of creating systems devotedRead MoreEducation Policy : Is It, Damned Lies, And Education2759 Words   |  12 PagesNew York, and No Child Left Behind. The purpose of this essay is to analyze what I have found in my research on how the relationship between school and society, and how it has changed in the United States across the Historical Eras. In this analysis, I relate the changing of reforms to Diane Ravitch’s book, The Death and Life of the Great American School System, along with some other resources used in the Education Policy class. Education can be traced back as far as the time of the pilgrimsRead MoreKindergarten Curriculum6037 Words   |  25 PagesRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City K to 12 Curriculum Guide KINDERGARTEN January 31, 2012 K TO 12 – KINDERGARTEN I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"The first years of life are important because what happens in early childhood can matter in a lifetime.† (Harvard, 2009) The Department of Education (DepEd) having been a strong advocate of early childhood education has implemented various programs for preschoolers for decades now. The DepartmentRead MoreReading Is A Dynamic Goal Of Education1525 Words   |  7 Pagesis proven that reading opens a new world of knowledge and enhance children’s reading expertise. Therefore, there are a lot of reading series that improves children’s reading proficiency, however, the Real Kids Readers are the greatest language arts curriculum based book series for preK-3rd grades that practices a significant phonics centered study. Phonics is defined as a technique of teaching individual to read by connecting sounds (phoneme) with letters (grapheme) or a group of letters in an alphabetic

Friday, December 20, 2019

Homeland Security Chapter 9-10 Essay - 923 Words

Chapter 9 is committed to the study of homelands security’s attempts and successes at border patrol. Beginning with the U.S customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol office has like many other agencies, merged with the DHS following 9/11. The reason is because the Border Patrol is now after 9/11 been concerned with the prevention of terrorist’s entry. The Border Patrol also merged with customs, which has a long history with border patrol. The CBP has been charged with guarding 7000 miles of U.S Land border. The Border patrol has been very concerned with the apprehension of terrorist following 9/11, and the border is more tightly guarded than it’s ever been. The texted then outlines the fiscal year 2010 Statistical Highlights†¦show more content†¦The Fugitive Operations Program removes fugitive aliens from the United States. The Cornerstone initiative prevents criminal organizations from the cash flow they need to function. The Cyber Crime s Center combats Internet related crimes. The U.S VISTIT program provides visa posts, so those who visit the U.S can be properly validated. Chapter 9 dealt primarily with the wide and expansive Border Protection programs of the DHS. Chapter 10 Deals with one of the more important agencies following 9/11, and this agency is the TSA or (Transportation Security Administration.) The TSA deals with a wide range of transportation systems, which includes state and local transit systems. The TSA has not hesitated to reach out to every field of transportation, and has its reach over the entirety of transportation. Federal Flight Deck Officer program gives the pilot the ability to be fully armed in the cockpit. FEDOs have regulations and rules, and are meant to protect the aircraft crew from harm. The TSA has a Canine Explosive Detection Unit, which is useful for covering large areas. The TSA has set important risk management programs, which are backed with technology and innovation. Maritime Security is a combination of the Coast Guard, Customs, and Immigration. The Text then outlines the functions of Maritime Security, and how agency’s coordinate together, including plans of Maritime security and the main roles Maritime Security play. The Coast Guard hasShow MoreRelatedImmigration Argument Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigrants it is here no matter where you are from. I relate this topic to the book chapter 9 because it he shows popularity for president’s who are favored with public opinion. A president who is for all people including immigrants would most likely be of popular interest. If we take a look back at the campaign with Donald Trump, he lost the votes of many immigrants due to his wall talk. Another reason I felt this chapter related to this topic is it talks about managing the budget. With immigration itRead MorePolice Jurisdiction Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions Chelsea Peterson CJA/240 December 10, 2011 Professor Konopasek History of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions The development of police agencies can be followed back to the Early English colonial days. As time continued, so did the improvements of the police agencies of law enforcement today. The first police department was established in 1731 was theRead MoreThe Threat Of Homeland Security1035 Words   |  5 PagesHomeland Security was created to protect not only the persons living and infrastructures within the U.S. but outside as well. Though its existence, homeland security has done a spectacular job due to the fact that the country is still standing. There are many persons and countries that would love to see America fall flat on its face. Through corrective policy action and growth within our intelligence functions we are now as strong as we were before. Nonetheless, Homeland security may still have itsRead MoreFinancial Law Compliance Plan For Clapton Commercial Construction And Landslide Limousines Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesall employees (U.S. Department of Homela nd Security, 1986). According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security â€Å"any employer who knowingly hires or knowingly continues to employ an unauthorized aliens: 1st offense: $375 to $3,200 per alien, 2nd offense: $3,200 to $6,500 per alien, and additional offenses: $4,300 to $16,000 per alien† (1986). The Department of Homeland Security penalizes employers for improperly completing, retaining or missing Forms I-9 from $110 to $1,100 per employee andRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Fema )1540 Words   |  7 Pages This report below is a concerning the overall DHS program prioritization which will address the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) which is a directorate under the DHS and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) which become part of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate of DHS. This report could have not been prepared without gathering background information concerning the following are a hazard/threats, hazard identification and risk analysis, terroristRead MoreThe United States Code ( U.s. )1677 Words   |  7 Pagesgoverns the form, function, duties, and responsibilities of the US Government†. The foundational to US National Security and foreign relations are based on the three titles in the U.S.C, namely, Title 10, Title 22, and Title 50; which â€Å"govern US Armed Forces, the Department of State, public diplomacy efforts, and national defense† (American Security Project, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S. law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the CentralRead MoreIn The Book Hegemony Or Survival Noam Chomsky Talks About909 Words   |  4 Pageshaving the intelligence to not ruin our self in his first chapter. He identifies two powers in the current world, â€Å"the united states and world public opinion† (Pg. 4). He shows us that every one of the American presidents has their own type of disappointing foreign policy no matter how liberal that president might be. Chomsky says in the end when hope is destroyed, democracy is allowed (Pg. 10). In the second chapter he quotes the national security strategy talking about America’s main goal. ThereforeRead MoreEvolution of Private Security1704 Words   |  7 PagesHow private security has evolved, from its roots in Feudalism to its current state, and include supporting explanation. Security has always been a constant preoccupation of human being. During times following the fall of the Roman Empire, there were no longer authorities to maintain order and security problems begin to arise. Governments could no longer ensure the security of the population and people began to organize their own security. That is the feudalism. Feudal society was based essentiallyRead MoreThe United States Economic Crisis1332 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan H. Cody, he states that these accomplishments didn’t come without a price; in fact the cost was enormous, and our nations decisions on how to finance it have profoundly damaged the U.S. economy. The US economic crisis can all be traced back to 9/11. In Catherine New’s article Then and Now she compared the US economy today to the economy in 2001 before the attacks. The results are astonishing; the average price of gas per gallon has increased by over $2, the median sales price per house has increasedRead MoreHegemony o r Survival1729 Words   |  7 Pagesalso jeopardizes the very survival of humanity. From reading this book, I will give an account as to what Chomsky says about American hegemonic ideals and give him credit for the attempt that he has made to expose historical truth. In the first chapter of this book Chomsky ponders the idea of human existence and if our stupidity overpowers intelligence to not destroy ourselves. From there Chomsky identifies two superpowers in the world right now: the United States and world public opinion. (pg

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Across Organizational & Cultural Boundaries - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAcross Organizational Cultural Boundaries for Learning. Answer: Six main bases for collaborative advantage The six main bases of collaborative advantage are access to resources, shared risk, efficiency, coordination and seamlessness, learning and the moral imperative. The organization collaborates to share resources when they cant accomplish their objectives with individual resources, for instance, pharmaceutical companies which require resource for production and marketing collaborate to share resources(Kozlenkova, Samaha and Palmatier 2014).Organization collaborates to share the risk of failure of a project, for instance RD projects. Organizations collaborate to gain efficiency in terms of outsourcing, operational efficiency, coordination and economies of scale, for example, public-private partnership (Bingham and O'leary 2014). Coordination and seamlessness is a part of efficiency of an organization, collaboration also promotes mutual learning of organizations. Most importantly, organizations collaborate on moral imperative to eradicate problems on national, society, industrial and org anizational levels (Foss. and Knudsen 2013). Why BenQ initially wanted to join efforts with Siemens Taiwanese companies witnessed a shrink in profit margins for contract manufacturing. In order to achieve a profitable future, the Taiwanese companies wanted to move beyond low-cost manufacturing. Taiwanese companies wanted to build their individual brand names rather than being a contract manufacturer who is almost anonymous in the marketplace. BenQ, the Taiwanese company wanted to acquire Siemens, the German company for its existing brand name which was attractive. BenQ also wanted to enhance its global presence by acquiring Siemens. The launch of the brand Ben-Q Siemens by acquisition of the mobile phone division of Siemens which was losing money proved to be advantageous for BenQ. The merger helped BenQ to become the fourth largest brand of mobile phones across the globe after Nokia, Samsung and Motorola. K.Y. Lee, the chairman of BenQ felt that he will be able to generate profits from the debt-ridden unit of mobile phone of Siemens. Lee was of the opinion that because of the glob al distribution and sales channel of BenQ it was easier for BenQ to achieve profit easily. The manufacturing facilities and economies of scale of Ben Q would also increase by choosing a complimentary partner like Siemens. BenQ initially wanted to join efforts with Siemens because the organization felt that this merger and acquisition will lead to a win-win situation for both companies as more synergy and value in the marketplace will be created by the formation of the brand name BenQ-Siemens (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). Bases for collaborative advantage of the collaboration between BenQ and Siemens The German company, Siemens was not directly paid by BenQ. The 100% stake of mobile phone division of Siemens was acquired by BenQ. Initially an amount of 250 million Euros was provided to BenQ by Siemens for funding the business, later 50 million Euros was spent by Siemens to purchase shares of BenQ which were issued newly. Siemens also incurred the loss of the unit, 1.5 million Euros loss per day. Siemens collaborated with BenQ to develop technologies for handsets. The rights of co-branding was vested to BenQ- Siemens within a tenure of 5 years and the right for the usage of the trademark of Siemens was gained by BenQ for a period of 18 months. BenQ wanted to fulfil the contract agreement of labour with the cell phone employees of Siemens. The share of Siemens was up by 3% and rose to 61.9 Euros because of the transaction (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). Ultimate outcome of the collaboration between BenQ and Siemens The collaboration of BenQ and Siemens failed ultimately. After purchasing the handset division of Siemens, the shares of BenQ dropped by 2.7 % on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The new business division of BenQ Mobile commenced its operation in October, 2005 in Munich, Germany with 7000 employees across the globe. The handset operations of Siemens allowed BenQ to compete with leading brands, but the current prime customers of BenQ had a conflict of interests because of the collaboration between Siemens and BenQ. By September 2006, BenQ decided not to invest money in its German subsidiary to cut loss. The interests of the creditors were protected and the subsidiary filed for insolvency in Munich court. There was loss of 3000 jobs in German because of this failure. The high context culture of BenQ and the low context culture of Siemens, failed communication and difference in organizational culture resulted in this failed acquisition. The media commentators, labor leaders and politicians in Germany felt that BenQ did not have experience in marketing and lacked competence and the acquisition of Siemens by BenQ was an economic and social disaster (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). The Critical Challenges those Multicultural companies might face Multicultural companies face challenges with communication, difference in culture and diversity. The difference in culture among employees of a multicultural company results in language barriers and communication practices which are divergent in nature. Intercultural communication has two comparison points which are influential which are 1) The idea of context and 2) The value/ belief theory of culture. A multicultural company has a workforce with different cultural values, for instance, the high-context culture where people demonstrate deep involvement with one another and in a low context individualized culture where people are demonstrate little involvement with each other. Values are the foundation of culture and collective programming is influenced by values (Huxham and Vangen 2013). The people belonging to similar culture share similar patterns of feeling, thinking reacting and acting and thus a particular event is perceived in different ways by people from different cultures. Power distance, masculinity or femininity, avoidance of uncertainty, individualism or collectivism and long-term and short term orientation are different cultural dimensions founded by Hofstede. Multi-cultural companies have a diverse workforce from different countries and thus their cultural values are affected by the 5 cultural dimensions of Hofstede. Also multicultural companies have multicultural teams and have to deal with challenges of diversity-both surface level diversity like ethnicity, age, gender and deep-level diversity like differences in values, attitudes and beliefs. Also, people with different cultural background have different mode of learning and it is a challenge for multi-cultural companies (Hunt 2014). Cultural difference challenge in case of BenQ and Siemens BenQ is a company from Taiwan and Siemens is a company from German. The culture of BenQ was influenced by oriental Confucian culture whereas that of Siemens was Germanic European culture. The culture in Taiwan is more collectivist and rule-oriented and less assertive and future oriented. The culture in German is focused on contracts, agreements, individual rights and personal independence. On the index of individualism, Germans scored 67 and Taiwanese scored 17. Taiwanese society has a collectivistic culture and employees have a strong sense of organizational belonging while Germans prefer challenges, time, and freedom and are highly individualistic. The difference in culture created a gap between the German subordinates of Siemens who were highly individualistic and Taiwanese employers of BenQ who were highly collectivistic. There was turnover in executive management of Siemens. Taiwanese scored 58 and score of Germans was 35 in the scale of power distance. Germany has a strong unio n and collective tariff agreements between representatives of trade unions and employers association fix salaries of German employers. Germans separate work and private lives, they do not work on Sundays and public holidays and have six weeks of paid vacation while Taiwanese are ready to work on weekends and holidays if there is a requirement by their organization. Thus, BenQ faced the challenge of maintaining good relationship with union labor of Siemens. In the index of avoidance of uncertainty , Taiwanese ranked 69 and Germans ranked 65. Taiwanese have fear of failure and avoid risks. The electronics company of Taiwan adopts procedures of cost-cutting and after acquiring Siemens, BenQ had NT$36.7 billion loss. Business schedules in German are flexible while it is rigid in Taiwan. The production schedule, new product development and marketing plan of BenQ were delayed after acquisition of Siemens because of the difference in organizational culture. The R D of new products across BenQ and Siemens and the incompatible culture of the two companies were not integrated by BenQ and thus the company faced financial problems due to the cultural difference. BenQ was a Taiwanese company and focused on product diversification, adaptability, resilience, flexibility and innovation with an informal organizational structure whereas Siemens had a formal organizational structure with a decision-making process which was methodical. Also, there were challenges of cross- cultural communication, the Taiwanese have a subtle style of communication while communication style in German companies are assertive, the employees of BenQ could not speak German resulting in barriers of communication. The intercultural failure resulted in failed acquisition of Siemens by BenQ (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). Actions taken to minimize each of the challenges Actions were taken to minimize the challenges. BenQ managed to maintain a cordial relationship with the labor union of Siemens. Lee, the chairman of BenQ made a public apology to the stakeholders of German and Taiwan at Institutional Investor Conference and promises for the future was delivered in this conference. Lee also hoped to recover the financial loss and achieve healthy growth. In order to take corrective action to meet the financial crisis, Chairman Lee wanted to resign at the board meeting. Trust between BenQ and Siemens Initially trust was displayed between BenQ and Siemens in order to achieve collaborative advantage financially and operationally. Chairman Lee of BenQ retained the CEO of Siemens Joos along with 2800 R D employees in order to make a smooth transition. However, the employees of Siemens did not have trust in BenQ. The mechanism of internal communication adopted by BenQ at the beginning of the deal was not appropriate resulting in anxiety and rumors among German employees. There was miscommunication and disagreement over the new products development process and the speed of reorganization between the German management and headquarters at Taipei of BenQ. The decision of BenQ to terminate financial support for the German subsidiary was rational for Taiwanese but was severely condemned in German. The implementation plan of new business strategies for BenQ- Siemens unit was not communicated among employees in a concise and consistent manner by BenQ resulting in miscommunication and lack of trust. The employees of BenQ was not fluent in German and there was communication barrier between the companies resulting in lack of trust because the high context Taiwanese culture preferred subtle communication while the low-context Germans preferred to communicate directly. Lee did not communicate directly about the layoff of the employees of Siemens to avoid direct disagreement and thus the German employees felt deceived later on (Cheng. and Seeger 2011). The ways trust can be built and restored for a better collaboration outcome Trust can be restored for a better collaboration outcome with the help of an innovative communication model (Alguezaui and Filieri 2014). The two clashing cultures of companies during a merger and acquisition process can be integrated with the help of an open communication model. The organizational uncertainty and stress can be successfully reduced with clear communication. The anxiety and tension of employees increases due to communication gap resulting in grapevine. In culturally distant countries misinterpretation occurs of the actions and messages of the acquiring firm which are misconstrued, ambiguity can be reduced and expectations can be clarified by adopting an open communication model. Foreign language proficiency among employees can reduce the barrier in communication and build trust resulting in better collaborative outcome. The communication process should be clear and concise for a better collaborative outcome and to build trust. The communication program should be emplo yee-centered and the organizations should focus on a high level of relationship building among employees to restore a better collaborative outcome. Also, the managers of an organization should make sure that employees are not deceived by revealing accurate information. The concept of face-concern is of paramount importance to build trust, for instance, individualists try to save their own face and collectivists save the face of members of a group. In order to restore a better outcome of collaboration and build trust, the difference of the high context and low context organizational culture should be minimized. A balanced approach between individualism and collectivism, power distance and avoidance of uncertainty can result in a better outcome of collaboration. The board of directors should protect stakeholders when an organization is hit by crisis to build trust and restore collaboration. Reference Lists Alguezaui, S. and Filieri, R., 2014. A knowledge-based view of the extending enterprise for enhancing a collaborative innovation advantage.International journal of agile systems and management,7(2), pp.116-131. Bingham, L.B. and O'leary, R., 2014.Big ideas in collaborative public management. Routledge. Cao, M. and Zhang, Q., 2013. Introduction. InSupply Chain Collaboration(pp. 1-15). Springer London. Cheng, S.S. and Seeger, M.W. (2011). Cultural Differences and Communication Issues in International Mergers and Acquisitions: A Case Study of BenQ Debacle. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, No. 24, Special Issue December 2011. Foss, N.J. and Knudsen, C. eds., 2013.Towards a competence theory of the firm(Vol. 2). Routledge. Hunt, S.D., 2014.Marketing theory: foundations, controversy, strategy, and resource-advantage theory. Routledge. Huxham, C. and Vangen, S., 2013.Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of collaborative advantage. Routledge. Kozlenkova, I.V., Samaha, S.A. and Palmatier, R.W., 2014. Resource-based theory in marketing.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.1-21.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Economic Perspectives On The Internet Essay Example For Students

Economic Perspectives On The Internet Essay International Legal ConsiderationsThis chapter covers a wide range of regulations, procedures, and practices that fall into three categories: regulations that exporters must follow to comply with U.S. law; procedures that exporters should follow to ensure a successful export transaction; and programs and certain tax procedures that open new markets or provide financial benefits to exporters. Export RegulationsGeneral Introduction The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) regulate the export and reexport of items for national security, nonproliferation, foreign policy, and short supply reasons. The Department of Commerces Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) has taken important steps to remove unnecessary obstacles to exporting, including completion of U.S. regulatory reform effort and export control liberalizations. Working closely with the exporting community, BXA has simplified the EAR, especially for those companies new to exporting. In addition, export controls have been liber alized on many products sold by U.S. companies around the world, consistent with national security and foreign policy concerns. A relatively small percentage of exports and reexports requires the submission of a license application to BXA. License requirements are dependent upon an items technical characteristics, the destination, the end use, and the end user. Determining whether a license is required for export is easier under the newly drafted regulations which consolidate license requirements previously scattered throughout the regulations. Once a classification has been determined, exporters may use a single chart to determine if licenses are needed for a country. The revised regulations include answers to frequently asked questions, detailed step-by-step instructions for finding out if a transaction is subject to the regulations, how to request a commodity classification or advisory opinion, and how to apply for a license. The EAR groups items (commodities, software, and techn ology) into ten categories each containing several entries. These entries are the Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCN). These entries are in Supplemental N0. 1 to part 774 of the EAR, which is the Commerce Control List (CCL). The CCL and the Country Chart, Supplement No. 1 to part 738 taken together, define items subject to export controls based solely on the technical parameters of the item and the country of ultimate destination. Items that are listed on the CCL but do not require a license by reason of the Country Chart and items classified as EAR99 (see 734.3(c) of the EAR entitled Scope of the EAR) are designated as NLR, or no license required. All countries are not treated in the same way under the EAR because different countries present different national security, nonproliferation, or foreign policy considerations for the United States. A license requirement may be based on the end use or end user in a transaction, primarily for proliferation reasons. Part 744 of the EAR describes such requirements and relevant licensing policies and includes both restrictions on items and restrictions on the activities of U.S. persons. The EAR covers more than exports. Items subject to the EAR are generally controlled for reexport from one foreign country to another. A relatively small percentage of exports and reexports requires an application to BXA for a license. Many items are not on the CCL or, if on the CCL, require a license only to a limited number of countries. Other transactions may be covered by one or more License Exceptions in the EAR, part 740. However, a license is required for virtually all exports to embargoed destinations such as Cuba. Part 746 of the EAR describes embargoed destinations and refers to certain additional controls imposed by the Office of Foreign Assets Controls of the Treasury Department. Sometimes the EAR are referred to as dual use regulations. The term dual use refers to items that can be used for both military and other st rategic uses (e.g., nuclear) and commercial applications. It also refers to items with solely civil uses. The term is also used to distinguish the scope of the EAR from items covered by the regulations of other agencies. For example, the U.S. Department of State controls exports of weapons and military related items on the U.S. Munitions List, while the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission control certain items for nuclear reasons. For more information on the control of agencies other than BXA, see Supplement No. 3 to part 730 of the EAR. Steps for Using the EAR You may first look at part 732 of the EAR for the steps you follow to determine your obligations. Part 734 defines the scope of the EAR and excludes certain publicly available technology, as well as items properly subject to the jurisdiction of another agency. What is the proper classification for your item? This information is essential to determining any licensing requirements under the EAR. You may e ither classify your item on your own according to the CCL or you may ask BXA for assistance. The EAR is structured in a way that you should follow the steps in order. To determine whether you need a license, consider, in order, the scope of the EAR (part 734), the ten general prohibitions (part 736), and the license exceptions (part 740). General Prohibitions The general prohibition are found in part 736 of the EAR. The ten general prohibitions describe certain exports, reexports, and other conduct, subject to the scope of the EAR, in which you may not engage unless you have a license from BXA or qualify under part 740 of the EAR for a license exception from each applicable general prohibition paragraph. License Exceptions A license exception is an authorization for the export or reexport of some commodities, technology, or software under certain conditions. This gives you authority to ship certain items subject to the EAR that would otherwise require a license. Eligibility for lice nse exceptions may be based on the item to be exported or reexported, the country of ultimate destination, the end use of the item, or the end user. If a license exception is available for a particular transaction, you may proceed with the transaction without a license. A license exception does not require a specific application nor approval from the Department of Commerce. However, you are required to meet all terms, conditions, and provisions for the use of that license exception. Applying for a License and Application Processing If an export license is required, you must prepare a Form BXA-748P, Mulipurpose Application Form, and submit it to BXA. The form can be used for requesting an export license, reexports, or commodity classifications. You may request forms by fax at 202-219-9179 or by phone on 202-482-3332. You must be certain to follow the instructions on the form carefully. In some instances, technical brochures and support documentation must also be included. In reviewin g specific license applications, BXA will conduct a complete analysis of the license application along with all documentation submitted in support of the application. In addition to reviewing the item and end use, BXA will consider the reliability of each party to the transaction and review any available intelligence information. To the maximum extent possible, BXA will make licensing decisions without referral of license applications to other agencies; however, BXA may consult with other U.S. departments and agencies regarding any license application. Further information concerning the review policy for various controls is contained in parts 742 and 750. You may contact BXA for status of your pending certification request, advisory opinion, or license application. For advisory opinion requests, telephone 202-482-4905 or send a fax to 202-219-9179. For license applications and classification requests, telephone BXAs System for Tracking Export License Applications (STELA) at 202-482- 2752. STELA is an automated voice response system that, upon request via any standard touch-tone telephone, will provide you with up-to-the-minute status on any license application pending at BXA. Requests for status may be made only by the applicant or the applicants agent. Avoiding Delays in Receiving a License In filling out a license application, rexporters commonly make four errors that account for most delays in processing applications: 1. Failing to sign the application. 2. Handwriting, rather than typing the application. 3. Responding inadequately to section 22(j) of the application, Description of Commodity or Technical Data, which calls for a description of the item or items to be exported. You must be specific, and you are encouraged to attach additional material to explain the product fully. 4. Responding inadequately to section 21 of the application, where the specific end use of the products or technical data is to be described. Again, you must be specific. Answering v aguely or entering unknown is likely to delay the application process. In an emergency, the Department of Commerce may consider expediting the processing of an export license application, but this procedure cannot be used as a substitute for filing of an application. If you feel you qualify for emergency handling, you should contact the Exporter Counseling Division at 202-482-4811 or by mail to the: U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Export Administration Office of Exporter Services Exporter Counseling Division 14th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW, Room 2706 Washington, D.C. 20230 Export Clearance If you are issued a BXA license, or you rely on a license exception described in part 740 of the EAR, you are responsible for the proper use of that license or license exception and for the performance of all its terms and conditions. If you export without either a license issued by BXA or a license exception, you are responsible for determining that the transaction is outside the sc ope if the EAR or the export is designated as No License Required. Both the Foreign Trade Statistics Regulations of the Census Bureau (15 CFR part 30) and the Export Administration Regulations require that the Shippers Export Declaration (SED) be submitted to the U.S. Government. There are exceptions to this rule, but if you are required to submit an SED, you must prepare it in accordance with the rules of the Foreign Trade Statistics Regulations (FTSR) and present the number of copies specified in the FTSR at the port if export. For more information about the FTSR or the SED, visit the Census Bureau online at http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/www. Records on exports must be retained for five years from date of export, reexport, or any known diversion. For more information on export clearances, see part 758 of the EAR. For additional information on recordkeeping, see part 762. Where to Get Assistance The staring point for export licensing requirements and the regulations is the Ex porter Counseling Division. BXAs counselors can guide you through the regulations to determine your licensing requirements. They can be reached by phone at 202-48-4811 and fax at 202-482-3617. BXA also maintains a Web site at http://www.bxa.doc.gov. The regulations are published in volume 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations starting at part 730. If you wish to purchase a loose-leaf version of the EAR or any electronic version of the EAR with updates, you may contact the National Technical Information Service order desk at 703-487-4630. In addition, the Export Administration Regulations are available through the EAR Electronic Market Place on the World Wide Web at http://w3.access.gpo.gov/bxa. Antidiversion, Antiboycott, and Antitrust RequirementsAntidiversion Clause To help ensure that U.S. exports go only to legally authorized destinations, the U.S. government requires a destination control statement on shipping documents. Under this requirement, the commercial invoice and bill o f lading (or air waybill) for nearly all commercial shipments leaving the United States must display a statement notifying the carrier and all foreign parties (the ultimate and intermediate consignees and purchaser) that the U.S. material has been licensed for export only to certain destinations and may not be diverted contrary to U.S. law. Exceptions to the use of the destination control statement are shipments to Canada and intended for consumption in Canada and shipments being made under certain general licenses. Advice on the appropriate statement to be used can be provided by the Department of Commerce, an attorney, or the freight forwarder. The minimum antidiversion statement for goods exported under Commerce Department authority is: These commodities, technology, or software, were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited. Antiboycott Regulations The United States has an established p olicy of opposing restrictive trade practices or boycotts fostered or imposed by foreign countries against other countries friendly to the United States. This policy is implemented through the antiboycott provisions of the Export Administration Act enforced by the Department of Commerce and through the Tax Reform Act of 1977 enforced by the Department of the Treasury. o Prohibiting U.S. agencies or persons from refusing to do business with blacklisted firms and boycotted friendly countries pursuant to foreign boycott demands; o Prohibiting U.S. persons from discriminating against, or agreeing to discriminate against other U.S. persons on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin in order to comply with a foreign boycott; o Prohibiting U.S. persons from furnishing information about business relationships with boycotted friendly foreign countries or blacklisted companies in response to boycott requirements; o Providing for public disclosure of requests to comply with foreig n boycotts; and o Requiring U.S. persons who receive requests to report receipt of the requests to the Commerce Department and disclose publicly whether they have complied with such requests. The antiboycott provisions of the Export Administration Act apply to all U.S. persons, including intermediaries in the export process, as well as foreign subsidiaries that are controlled in fact by U.S. companies and U.S. officials. The Department of Commerces Office of Antiboycott Compliance (OAC) administers the program through ongoing investigations of corporate activities. OAC operates an automated boycott-reporting system providing statistical and enforcement data to Congress and to the public, issuing interpretations of the regulations for the affected public, and offering nonbinding informal guidance to the private sector on specific compliance concerns. U.S. firms with questions about complying with antiboycott regulations should call OAC at 202-482-2381 or write to Office of Antiboycot t Compliance, Bureau of Export Administration, Room 6098, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Antitrust Laws The U.S. antitrust laws reflect this nations commitment to an economy based on competition. They are intended to foster the efficient allocation of resources by providing consumers with goods and services at the lowest price that efficient business operations can profitably offer. Various foreign countries including the European Union, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Australia also have their own antitrust laws that U.S. firms must comply with when exporting to such nations. The U.S. antitrust statutes do not provide a checklist of specific requirements. Instead they set forth broad principles that are applied to the specific facts and circumstances of a business transaction. Under the U.S. antitrust laws, some types of trade restraints, known as per se violations, are regarded as conclusively illegal. Per se violations include price-fixing agreements and conspira cies, divisions of markets by competitors, and certain group boycotts and tying arrangements. Most restraints of trade in the United States are judged under a second legal standard known as the rule of reason. The rule of reason requires a showing that certain acts occurred and such acts had an anti-competitive effect. Under the rule of reason, various factors are considered, including business justification, impact on prices and output in the market, barriers to entry, and market shares of the parties. In the case of exports by U.S. firms, there are special limitations on the application of the per se and rule of reason tests by U.S. courts. Under Title IV of the Export Trading Company Act (also known as the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act), there must be a direct, substantial and reasonably foreseeable effect on the domestic or import commerce of the United States or on the export commerce of a U.S. person before an activity may be challenged under the Sherman Antitrust A ct or the Federal Trade Commission Act (two of the primary federal antitrust statutes). This provision clarifies the particular circumstances under which the overseas activities of U.S. exporters may be challenged under these two antitrust statutes. Under Title III of the Export Trading Company Act (see Chapter 4) the Department of Commerce, with the concurrence of the U.S. Department of Justice, can issue an export trade certificate of review that provides certain limited immunity from the federal and state antitrust laws. Although the great majority of international business transactions do not pose antitrust problems, antitrust issues may be raised in various types of transactions, among which are: o overseas distribution arrangements; o overseas joint ventures for research, manufacturing, construction, and distribution; o patent, trademark, copyright, and know-how licenses; o mergers and acquisitions involving foreign firms; and o raw material procurement agreements and concessi ons. Extra-Terrestrial Civilizations Essay The potential U.S. and foreign antitrust problems posed by such transactions are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 16. Where potential U.S. or foreign antitrust issues are raised, it is advisable to obtain the advice and assistance of qualified antitrust counsel. For particular transactions that pose difficult antitrust issues, and for which an export trade certificate of review is not desired, the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice can be asked to state its enforcement views in a business review letter. The business review procedure is initiated by writing a letter to the Antitrust Division describing the particular business transaction that is contemplated and requesting the departments views on the antitrust legality of the transaction. Certain aspects of the federal antitrust enforcement policies regarding international transactions are explored in the Department of Justices Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations (1995). Foreign Corrupt Pr actices ActIt is unlawful for a U.S. firm (as well as any officer, directors employee, agent, or agent of a firm or any stockholder acting on behalf of the firm) to offer, pay, or promise to pay (or to authorize any such payment or promise) money or anything of value to any foreign official (or foreign political party or candidate for foreign political office) for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. It is also unlawful to make a payment to any person while knowing that all or a portion of the payment will be offered, given, or promised, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official (or foreign political party or candidate for foreign political office) for the purposes of assisting the firm in obtaining or retaining business. Knowing includes the concepts of conscious disregard and willful blindness. There is an exception to the antibribery provisions for facilitating payments for routine governmental action. The statute lists a number of examples. Actions similar to th ose listed are also covered by this exception. A person charged with a violation of the antibribery provisions of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) may assert as a defense that the payment was lawful under the written laws and regulations of the foreign country or that the payment was associated with demonstrating a product or performing a contractual obligation. Firms are subject to a fine of up to $2 million; officers, directors, employees, agents, and stockholders are subject to a fine of up to $100,000 and imprisonment for up to five years. The Attorney General can bring a civil action against a domestic concern (and the Securities and Exchange Commission SEC against an issuer) for a fine of up to $10,000 as well as against any officer, director, employee, or agent of an issuer, or stockholder acting on behalf of the firm, who willfully violates the antibribery provisions. Under federal criminal laws other than the FCPA, individuals may be fined up to $250,000 or up to tw ice the amount of the gross gain or gross loss if the defendant derives pecuniary gain from the offense or causes a pecuniary loss to another person. The Attorney General may also bring a civil action to enjoin any act or practice of a domestic concern (and the SEC with respect to an issuer) whenever it appears that the domestic concern or issuer (or an officer, director, employee, agent, or stockholder acting on behalf of the domestic concern or issuer) is in violation (or about to be) of the antibribery provisions. A person or firm found in violation of the FCPA may be barred from doing business with the federal government. Indictment alone can lead to suspension of the right to do business with the U.S. Government. The Department of Justice has established an Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Opinion Procedure, the details of which are found at 28 CFR Part 77. Under the Opinion Procedure, any party may request a statement of the Justice Departments present enforcement intentions unde r the antibribery provisions of the FCPA regarding any proposed business conduct. Conduct for which the Department of Justice has issued an opinion stating that the conduct conforms with current enforcement policy will be entitled to a presumption of conformity with the FCPA. For further information from the Department of Justice about the FCPA and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Opinion Procedure, contact the Deputy Chief, Fraud Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Room 2424, Bond Building, 1400 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C.20530, 202-514-0651 (FTS) 202-368-0651. The Department of Commerce supplies general information to U.S. exporters who have questions about the FCPA and about international developments concerning the FCPA and international bribery. For further information from the Department of Commerce about the FCPA, contact the Chief Counsel for International Commerce or the Senior Counsel for International Finance and Trade, Office of the Chief C ounsel for International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Room 5882, 14th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20230, 202-482-0937. Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency RestrictionsIn addition to the various export regulations that have been discussed, rules and regulations enforced by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) also affect a limited number of exporters. Food and Drug Administration FDA enforces U.S. laws intended to assure the consumer that foods are pure and wholesome, that drugs and devices are safe and effective, and that cosmetics are safe. FDA has promulgated a wide range of regulations to enforce these goals. Exporters of products covered by FDAs regulations are affected as follows: If the item is intended for export only, meets the specifications of the foreign purchaser, is not in conflict with the laws of the country to which it is to be shipped, and is properly label ed, it is exempt from the adulteration and misbranding provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (see 801(e)). This exemption does not apply to new drugs that have not been approved as safe and effective, or to certain devices and biologics. Additional requirements apply to these products. Banned new animal drugs may not be exported. If the exporter thinks the export product may be covered by FDA, it is important to contact the nearest FDA field office or the Food and Drug Administration. Companies can make inquiries by writing to the FDA at 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, calling 1-800-532-4440, or visiting the FDA Web site at: http://www.fda.gov. Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates the export of hazardous waste, pesticides, toxic chemicals, and ozone deplete substances. Although EPA generally does not prohibit the export of these substances(there are some exceptions). There are various statutory notification systems design to inform receiving foreign governments that materials of possible human health or environmental concern will be entering their countries, and in some cases, allows for the foreign governments to object to such shipments. Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), there are two different sets of export regulations one for exports of hazardous wastes moving for recycling within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (40 CFR 262 subpart H), and the other for non-OECD hazardous waste exports, as well as for hazardous wastes exported for treatment and disposal, both within and outside the OECD (40 CFR 262 subpart E). In both cases, exports are prohibited absent the consent of the importing government. Exporters are required to notify EPAs Office of Compliance (EPA/OC) in writing. EPA/OC then forwards the notification to the importing government (and to transit countries, if applicable). In some cases, the written consent of the importing government is required before the s hipment may commence; in other cases, consent is considered tacit if there is no response from the importing government after 30 days. Exporters should be aware of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal This treaty bans trade in hazardous wastes between parties and nonparties unless there is a Basel-consistent bilateral agreement in place. Approximately 110 countries have ratified the Basel Convention; however, the U.S. has not. Therefore, exporters should be aware of potential trade restrictions. Exporters of hazardous waste should contact either EPAs Office of Compliance, Import/Export Program at 202-564-2290 or the RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800-424-9346 or 703-412-9810. As for pesticides and other toxic chemicals, neither the federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) nor the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires exporters of banned or severely restricted chemicals to obtain written consent bef ore shipping. However, exporters of unregistered pesticides or other chemicals subject to regulatory control actions must comply with certain notification requirements. Under TSCA importing countries are notified of the export or the intended export of many industrial chemicals or mixtures (40 CFR 707 subpart D). These chemicals or mixtures are subject to certain regulator actions taken under the act. Exporters send to EPA, for each affected chemical or mixture, a notice for each country to which the chemical or mixture is exported. The notice is sent annually or only once, depending on the regulatory action controlling the chemical or mixture. The agency then informs the importing country of the regulatory action taken. These notices are also used to satisfy the information exchange provisions of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedures, which are under the United Nations Environment Programme. For chemicals banned or severely restricted in the U.S. and subject to the PIC proced ures, EPA forwards to the designated national authority of the importing country information on the chemicals regulatory controls. In addition, TSCA also prohibits the export of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and PCB-containing items in concentrations greater than or equal to 50 ppm, unless an exemption was granted. The TSCA hotline, 202-554-1404, can provide general information on these export requirements. A person may not export class I ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs), to any country that is not a signatory to the international treaty entitled the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). The United States is a signatory to the Montreal Protocol.Under authority of the Clean Air Act Amendations of 1990, the EPA published regulations prohibiting the expoThesis and Dissertations

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement

Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement Here we will practice applying one of the most basic and yet also most troublesome rules of grammar: in the present tense, a verb must agree in number with its subject. Put simply, this means that we have to remember to add an -s to the verb if its subject is singular and not to add an -s if the subject is plural. Its really not a hard principle to follow as long as we can identify the subject and verb in a sentence. Lets have a look at how this basic rule works. Compare the verbs (in bold) in the two sentences below: Merdine sings the blues at the Rainbow Lounge. My sisters sing the blues at the Rainbow Lounge. Both verbs describe a present or ongoing action (in other words, they are in the present tense), but the first verb ends in -s and the second one doesnt. Can you give a reason for this difference? Thats right. In the first sentence, we need to add an -s to the verb (sings) because the subject (Merdine) is singular. We omit the final -s from the verb (sing) in the second sentence because there the subject (sisters) is plural. Remember, though, that this rule applies only to verbs in the present tense. As you can see, the trick to following the basic principle of subject-verb agreement is being able to recognize subjects and verbs in sentences. If thats giving you a problem, try reviewing our page on the Basic Parts of Speech. Here are four tips to help you apply the principle that a verb must agree in number with its subject: TIP #1 Add an -s to the verb if the subject is a singular noun: a word that names one person, place, or thing. Mr. Eko drives a hard bargain. Talent develops in quiet places. TIP #2 Add an -s to the verb if the subject is any one of the third-person singular pronouns: he, she, it, this, that. He drives a minivan. She follows a different drummer. It looks like rain. This confuses me. That takes the cake. TIP #3 Do not add an -s to the verb if the subject is the pronoun I, you, we, or they. I make my own rules. You drive a hard bargain. We take pride in our work. They sing out of key. TIP #4 Do not add an -s to the verb if two subjects are joined by and. Jack and Sawyer often argue with each other. Charlie and Hurley enjoy music. So, is it really that simple to make subjects and verbs agree? Well, not always. For one thing, our speech habits sometimes interfere with our ability to apply the principle of agreement. If we have a habit of dropping the final -s from words when we talk, we need to be particularly careful not to leave off the -s when we write. Also, we have to keep a certain spelling rule in mind when adding -s to a verb that ends in the letter -y: in most cases, we need to change the y to ie before adding the s. For example, the verb carry becomes carries, try becomes tries, and hurry becomes hurries. Are there exceptions? Of course. If the letter before the final -y is a vowel (that is, the letters a, e, i, o, or u), we simply keep the y and add -s. So say becomes says, and enjoy becomes enjoys. Finally, as we see in our page on Tricky Cases of Subject-Verb Agreement, we have to be particularly careful when the subject is an indefinite pronoun or when words come between the subject and verb.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Defining Marketing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining Marketing Paper - Essay Example Marketing, when broadly defined, means the process of making a product sell by attracting customers. However, this definition would be incomplete. I define marketing as – Any activity that leads to the delivery of a product to the right people, which is done keeping market needs in mind. The aim is to be able to connect with consumers, to make a social impact and in turn, cultivate a long term association between a company and its consumers through the products, ultimately to make profits and run the business. Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy define marketing as – ...the performance of activities that seek to accomplish an organization's objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and directing a flow of need-satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client† (2011, p.7). From this definition, it is apparent that the aim of marketing is to assess the needs of the customers and satisfy those needs through goods and services. As per the America n Marketing Association's definition of marketing, it is – ...the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large (Kotler and Keller, 2012, p. 4). By and large, these two definitions of marketing mean the same. However, in the second definition, a social aspect is added (â€Å"society at large†). For the success of any business, the selling of a product or service is vital. The entire purpose is to sell something. While the right kind of marketing results in an upsurge of product sales, bad marketing may result in negative publicity. The wrong kind of marketing may also lead to an irreversible damage to the image of the company and its relationship with customers. An example of good marketing or a good marketing strategy is that of Herbal Essences. The hair care products marketed by the company are targeted at a specific age group â€⠀œ young women. The product names as well as the bright colors of the packages are attention grabbing. The packaging and naming itself explains the purpose of the product. For instance, the aqua blue colored â€Å"Hello Hydration† product (Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy, 2011). Customers are encouraged to buy shampoo and conditioner bottles together through the clever use of matching and curvy packaging. The company also seeks eye level placement in retail stores. The online, television and print advertising purports a â€Å"mythical quality† to highlight the organic origin of the product. With the help of a Facebook Fan page and a customer review page on its website, the company has also been successful in connecting with its customers. The marketing mix strategized by the company has been successful in increasing the sales of the company (Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy, 2011). The company's marketing strategy led to the delivery of the product to the right people. An other example that can be used to illustrate the definition of marketing is that of Dove. The social aspect of marketing can be exemplified here. While Dove earlier used models whom the mainstream considered â€Å"beautiful†, it moved on to a new approach in which it projected that every woman is beautiful. This was a result of a moral problem that Dove's Marketing Director underwent when her daughter suffered